列当Orobanche coerulescens Steph.

别名：草苁蓉;咧马嘴;特木根－苏禾根－苏乐;兔子拐杖;列马嘴;草丛蓉;兔子腿;独根草;列马咀;鬼见愁;地黄元;紫花列当;兔子拐掍;兔子拐棍;兔子拐棒;特木根-苏乐;裂马咀;借母怀胎;裂马嘴;

科名：列当科 Orobanchaceae

属名：列当属 Orobanche

《中国植物志》第69卷108页
  9.列当（图经衍义本草）兔子拐棍、独根草（内蒙古）
  Orobanche coerulescens Steph. in Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 349. 1800, G. Beck, Monogr. Orob. 137. 1890; et in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 261 (Heft 96): 118, fig. 13 (A). 1930: Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 875. 1936; Hara in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 51: 638. 1937; Novopokr. et Tzvel. in Schischk. Fl. URSS 23: 71. 1958; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 811. 1965; 台湾植物志4: 691. 1978; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 111, 图5635. 1975; 内蒙古植物志5: 309, 图版125, 图10-13. 1980; Z. Y. Zhang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26 (5) : 395. 1988. ——O. ammophila C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 2: 454. 1830. ——O. canescens Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 50, n. 282. 1831. ——O. coerulescens Steph. f. pekinesis G. Beck, 1. c. 138. 1890. ——O. coerulescens Steph. f. typica G. Beck, 1. c. 139. 1890; et 1. c. 121. 1930. ——O. bodinieri Levl. in Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 451. 1911; G. Beck, 1. c. 301. 1930. ——O. mairei Levl. 1. c. 12: 285. 1913; G. Beck, 1. c. 303. 1930. ——O. nipponica Makino in Journ. Jap. Bot. 5: 40. 1928. ——O. japonensis Makino, 1. c. 6: 9. 1929: G. Beck, 1. c. 122. 1930. ——O. pycnostachya Hance var. yunnanensis G. Beck, 1. c. 118. 1930; H. Smith in Acta Hort. Gothob. 8: 127. 1933.
形态特征：一年生寄生草本，高10—35厘米，全株被白色绒毛。茎直立，通常单一，粗壮，肉质、黄褐色。叶互生，鳞片状，卵状披针形，长8—12毫米，先端渐尖，基部贴生于茎上，无柄，全缘，黄褐色。穗状花序着生茎顶，长4—15厘米，密生绒毛，苞片卵状披针形，先端长渐尖，花萼2深裂到基
分    布：产小千家坪、姚湾沟、大岩屋。
生    境：生长在海拔850—1870米的山坡林下或沟边。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 18 (1998)
Orobanche coerulescens  Stephan
列当   lie dang
Orobanche ammophila C. A. Meyer; O. bodinieri H. Léveillé; O. canescens Bunge; O. coerulescens var. albiflora Kuntze; O. coerulescens f. korshinskyi (Novopokrovsky) Ma; O. coerulescens f. pekinensis Beck; O. korshinskyi Novopokrovsky; O. mairei H. Léveillé; O. japonensis Makino; O. nipponicaMakino; O. pycnostachya Hance var. yunnanensis Beck.
Herbs biennial, 15-40(-50) cm tall, densely villous. Stems erect, unbranched. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm X 5-7 mm, along with bracts and calyx densely villous at margin and abaxially. Inflorescences 10-20 cm; bract similar to leaves; bractlets absent. Calyx 1.2-1.5 cm, 2-parted almost to base; segments divided to half; lobes narrowly lanceolate, 3-5 mm. Corolla dark blue, blue-purple, pale purple, or yellow, 2-2.5 cm; tube constricted, open upward; upper lip 2-lobed, rarely emarginate. Filaments 1.2-1.4 cm, usually villous; anthers ovoid, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Pistil 1.5-1.7 cm; ovary ellipsoid. Style as long as filaments, usually glabrous; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid-oblong or oblong, ca. 10 X 4 mm. Seeds irregularly ellipsoid or long ovoid, ca. 0.3 mm. 2n = 38.
Slopes, grasslands; 900-4000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia, Turkmenistan; Europe].
Parasitic on species of Artemisia Linnaeus.
The whole plant is used medicinally for invigorating the kidneys and strengthening yang, relaxing the bowels, strengthening bones and muscles.
Plants with white-yellow flowers, which have been recognized as f. korshinskyi or var. albiflora, are distributed in Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Nei Mongol, as well as inEurope, Mongolia, and Russia.

《全国中草药汇编》:列当

【拼音名】 Liè Dānɡ
【别名】 草苁蓉、独根草、兔子拐棒
【来源】 为列当科列当属植物列当Orobanche caerulescens Steph.，以全草入药。夏初采收，晒八成干，捆成小把，再晒干。
【性味】 甘，温。
【功能主治】 补肾助阳，强筋骨。用于性神经衰弱，腰腿酸软；外用治小儿腹泻，肠炎，痢疾。
【用法用量】 2～3钱；外用适量，煎汤洗脚。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》