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| October 2008 at open field |
October 2008 at open field |
October 2008 at open field |
| Family | Asteraceae (alt. Compositae) |
| Scientific name | Xanthium strumarium L. |
| Synonyms | Xanthium acutilobum Millspaugh & Sherff; Xanthium acutum Greene; Xanthium affine Greene; Xanthium albinum (Widder) H. Scholz & Sukopp; Xanthium albinum (Widder) H. Scholz & Sukopp subsp. riparium (Celakowsky) Widder & Wagenitz; Xanthium albinum (Widder) H. Scholz & Sukopp subsp. ripicola (Holub) Dostál; Xanthium americanum Walter; Xanthium arcuatum Millspaugh & Sherff; Xanthium brasilicum Vellozo; Xanthium bubalocarpon Bush; Xanthium californicum Greene; Xanthium californicum Greene var. oligacanthum (Piper) Widder; Xanthium calvum Millspaugh & Sherff; Xanthium campestre Greene; Xanthium canadense Miller; Xanthium canadense Miller var. echinatum (Murray) A. Gray; Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw; Xanthium cenchroides Millspaugh & Sherff; Xanthium chasei Fernald; Xanthium chinense Miller; Xanthium commune Britton; Xanthium commune Britton var. wootonii Cockerell; Xanthium crassifoilum Millspaugh & Sherff; Xanthium cuneatum Moench; Xanthium curvescens Millspaugh & Sherff; Xanthium cylindricum Millspaugh & Fernald; Xanthium discolor Wallroth; Xanthium echinatum Murray; Xanthium echinatum Murray subsp. italicum (Moretti) Bolos & Vigo; Xanthium echinatum Murray var. cavanillesii (Schouw) Bolos & Vigo; Xanthium echinatum Murray var. italicum (Moretti) Bolos & Vigo; Xanthium echinellum Greene ex Rydberg; Xanthium glabratum (de Candolle) Britton; Xanthium glanduliferum Greene; Xanthium globosum C. Schull; Xanthium inaequilaterum de Candolle; Xanthium indicum J. Koenig ex Roxb.Xanthium inflexum Mackenzie & Bush; Xanthium italicum Moretti; Xanthium italicum Moretti subsp. riparium Celakovsky; Xanthium japonicum Widder; Xanthium italicum Moretti; Xanthium leptocarpum Millspaugh & Sherff; Xanthium longirostre Wallroth; Xanthium macounii Britton; Xanthium macrocarpum de Candolle; Xanthium macrocarpum de Candolle subsp. italicum (Moretti) Nyman; Xanthium macrocarpum de Candolle var. glabratum de Candolle; Xanthium maculatum Rafinesque; Xanthium natalense Widder; Xanthium occidentale Bertoloni; Xanthium oligacanthum Piper; Xanthium orientale L.; Xanthium orientale L. subsp. californicum (Greene) Greuter; Xanthium orientale L. subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter; Xanthium orientale L. subsp. riparium (Celakovsky) Greuter; Xanthium orientale L. var. macrocarpum Reiche; Xanthium oviforme Wallroth; Xanthium palustre Greene; Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallroth; Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallroth var. eglandulosum Wallroth; Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallroth var. glandulosum Wallroth; Xanthium pungens Wallroth; Xanthium riparium Itzingsohn & Hertsch; Xanthium riparium Lasch; Xanthium ripicola Holub; Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth; Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth subsp. commune (Britton) Widder; Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth subsp. eusaccharatum Widder; Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth var. silphiifolium (Greene) Widder; Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth var. speciosum (Kearney) Widder; Xanthium saccharatum Wallroth var. wootonii (Cockerell) Widder; Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder; Xanthium silphiifolium Greene; Xanthium speciosum Kearney; Xanthium strumarium L. subsp. brasilicum (Vellozo) Bolos & Vigo; Xanthium strumarium L. subsp. cavanillesii (Schouw) D. Löve & Dansereau; Xanthium strumarium L. subsp. italicum (Moretti) D. Löve; Xanthium strumarium L. subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter; Xanthium strumarium L. var. brasilicum (Vellozo) Baker; Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (Miller) Torrey & A. Gray; Xanthium strumarium L. var. echinatum (Murray) A. Gray; Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (de Candolle) Cronquist; Xanthium strumarium L. var. japonicum (Widder) H. Hara; Xanthium varians Greene; Xanthium vulgare Lamarck; Xanthium wootonii (Cockerell) Cockerell |
| Common name | (Japanese common name) o-namomi (オナモミ, 雄ナモミ [meaning male naomi (meaning of namomi is unknown)]), oh-o-namomi (オオオナモミ, 大雄ナモミ [meaning: large o-namomi]), iga-o-namomi (イガオナモミ, 毬雄ナモミ [meaning: ball o-namomi]) |
| (English common name) cocklebur, common cocklebur, large cocklebur | |
| Distribution | (Japan) Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa |
| (Other nations) Russia, Korea, China, Taiwan, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Caucasus, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Europe, Canada, USA, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Dominica, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis | |
| Habitat | Roadside, farm yard, field, riverside |
| Chromosomal number | 2n=36 |
| Description | Plants electing 50-200cm tall. Leaves 5-15cm long, 4.5-15cm wide. Flowers flowering in September to November. Fruits ca. 15-20mm long. Annual plants. |
| Reference | Xanthium strumarium L. |
| Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus | |
| Xanthium strumarium L. | |
| Xanthium strumarium L. | |
| Xanthium strumarium L. | |
| Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A. Gray | |
| Methanol Extract of Xanthium strumarium L. Possesses Anti-inflammatory and Anti-nociceptive Activities(Pharmacognosy) | |
| Hypoglycemic composition and method of use (US Patent 3950518/1976) | |
| Wheat growing process utilizing selective herebicide (US Patent 4881965/1989) | |
| Benzenesulfonyl carboxamide compounds and intermediate compounds (US Patent 5120854/1992) | |
| Tetrahydrofuran derivative and herbicide containing the same as active ingredient (US Patent 5324709/1994) | |
| Methods for detecting acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibitors (US Patent 5356789/1994) | |
| Process for the purification of aqueous extracts containing allergenically active proteins, extracts obtainable according to this process as well as their use (US Patent 5770698/1998) | |
| Sequential application method for treating plants with exogenous chemicals (US Patent 5985793/1999) | |
| N-phenyltetrahydroindazoles, their preparation, and their use as crop protection agents (US Patent 5939558/1999) | |
| Herbicidal compositions of glyphosate trimesium (US Patent 6451732/2002) | |
| L-ergothioneine, Milk thistle, and S-adenosylmethionine for the prevention, treatment and repair of liver damage (US Patent 6555141/2003) | |
| Modulators of ribosomal function and identification thereof (US Patent 6947844/2005) | |
| Herbicidal heterocycles (US Patent 7138361/2006) | |
| Cosmetic composition containing polyorganosiloxane-containing epsilon-polylysine polymer, and polyhydric alcohol, and production thereof (European Patent EP1604647/2008) | |
| Composition for inhibiting thrombosis (WO/2005/058339) | |
| Antioxidant composition (Japanese Patent JP2007051103/2007) |
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| October 2008 at open field |
October 2008 at open field |
October 2008 at open field |
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| October 2008 at open field |
October 2008 at open field |
October 2008 at open field |
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| October 2008 at open field |
