Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) Tausch ex L.H. Bailey (syn.: Anchusa sempervirens L.) (SW-Eur.) – A rare but locally well-established escape from or relic of cultivation. Known at least since 1824. Well-documented in Belgian herbaria from many locations. Present at least since 1849 in Bachte-Maria-Leerne (Ooidonk castle), since 1891 near Watermaal-Bosvoorde (Zoniënwoud), since 1882 in the surroundings of Mons (especially Obourg), at least between 1862 and 1969 in and near gravel pits around Tournai (Chercq, Calonne, Vaulx), since 1953 in Walem (Rozendaal castle), since 1946 in coastal woodland between Adinkerke and De Panne, etc.
Pentaglottis sempervirens usually occupies rather damp, shady habitats: woodland (often old parks), hedges, etc. In several locations it merely is a relic of cultivation (near castles, in estates,…). However, in others it penetrates in semi-natural forests (for instance in the Zoniënwoud), but it is usually confined to more nitrophilous, less vulnerable habitats.
Leaves (especially basal ones) of Pentaglottis sempervirens are often mottled with white flecks, a character rarely mentioned in standard floras (see also van Ooststroom & Reichgelt 1961). Non-flowering plants are therefore easily mistaken for species of Pulmonaria.
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Selected literature:
Adolphi K. (1995) Neophytische Kultur- und Anbaupflanzen als Kulturflüchtlinge des Rheinlandes. Nardus 2: 272 p.
Breitfeld M. (1996) Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) Tausch. et L.H. Bailey im Vogtland verwildert. Ber. Arbeitsgemeinsch. Sachs. Bot. 15: 193-195.
Holub J. (1996) Poznámky k nálazu Pentaglottis sempervirens v Ceské Republice. Zpravy Česk. Bot. Spol. CSAV 31: 101-113.
Moll W. (1990) Pentaglottis sempervirens, die Spanische Ochsenzunge, seit 180 Jahren im Schlösspark Dyck. Rheinische Heimatpflege N.F. 27(4): 274-277.
Selvi F. & Bigazzi M. (1998) Anchusa L. and allied genera (Boraginaceae) in Italy. Pl. Biosystems 132(2): 113-142.
Van Ooststroom S.J. & Reichgelt Th.J. (1961) Boraginaceae. In: van Ooststroom S.J. & al. (eds.), Flora Neerlandica, vol. 4(1). KNBV, Amsterdam: 92-140.
Vaughan J.G. (1950) The status of Anchusa sempervirens L. in the Plymouth area of South Devon. Watsonia 1: 308-312.
Verloove F. (2002) Ingeburgerde plantensoorten in Vlaanderen. Mededeling van het Instituut voor Natuurbehoud n° 20: 227 p.
Verloove F. (2006) Pentaglottis sempervirens. In: Van Landuyt W., Hoste I., Vanhecke L., Van den Bremt P., Vercruysse W. & De Beer D., Atlas van de flora van Vlaanderen en het Brussels gewest. Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, Nationale Plantentuin van België en Flo.Wer: 654.
Zlámalík J. (1996) Pentaglottis sempervirens (Boraginaceae) roste i v České republice. Zpravy Česk. Bot. Spol. CSAV 31(1): 77-78.