Trifolium lappaceum L. (S-Eur., Medit.) – A rare and ephemeral alien. Recorded in 1921 and 1949 as a wool alien in the valley of river Vesdre near Verviers. In 1949 also seen by a railway track in the port of Oostende and in 1954 on waste land in Andrimont. These records are possibly associated with cereals. According to Lawalrée (1961) also recorded in Heverlee in 1923. Observed in abundance on a demolition site of a former horse artillery in Gent in 1995 (doubtlessly formerly introduced with oats and/or hay; see Verloove & Heyneman 2012). Finally, also seen on an unloading quay for cereals in the Antwerp port area in 2014.
Selected literature:
Brown L.E. & Peterson C.D. (1984) Carex rosea (Cyperaceae), Trifolium lappaceum (Fabaceae) and Aira caryophyllea (Poaceae) new to Texas. Sida 10(3): 263-264.
Lawalrée A (1961) Papilionaceae. In: Robyns W. (ed.), Flore Générale de Belgique, vol. 4, fasc. 1. Jardin Botanique de l’Etat, Bruxelles: 9-134.
Verloove F. & Heyneman G. (2012) Merkwaardige plantencollecties van twee antropogene zaadbanken in Gent (Oost-Vlaanderen, België). Dumortiera 100: 19-24. [available online at: http://www.br.fgov.be/DUMORTIERA/DUM_100/Dum%20100_19-24_Zaadbanken%20Gent-Verloove%20en%20Heyneman.pdf]
White M. (2014) Trifolium lappaceum (Fabaceae): New to Oklahoma with comments on the species in Texas. Phytoneuron 2014-70: 1-4. [available online at: http://www.phytoneuron.net/2014Phytoneuron/70PhytoN-Trifoliumlappaceum.pdf]