Herb
Hibiscus trionum L.
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Abelmoschus collinsianus Wood |
synonym | Hibiscus africanus Mill. |
synonym | Hibiscus calisureus Hort. |
synonym | Hibiscus collinsianus Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray |
synonym | Hibiscus cuneifolius Garcke |
synonym | Hibiscus dissectus Wall. |
synonym | Hibiscus djabinianus Parsa |
synonym | Hibiscus hastifolius E. Mey. ex Harv. & Sond. |
synonym | Hibiscus hispidus Mill. |
synonym | Hibiscus humboldtii Schrank ex Colla |
synonym | Hibiscus marchallianus Hort. ex Fisch. & Mey |
synonym | Hibiscus pallidus Rafin. ex S. Wats. |
synonym | Hibiscus physodes E. Mey. ex Harv. & Sond. |
synonym | Hibiscus pusillus Eckl. & Zeyh. |
synonym | Hibiscus richardsonii Lindl. |
synonym | Hibiscus ternatus Cav. |
synonym | Hibiscus tridactylites Lindl. |
synonym | Hibiscus trionicus St. Lag. |
synonym | Hibiscus trionioides G. Don |
synonym | Hibiscus trionum L. var. hispidus DC. |
synonym | Hibiscus trionum var. ternatus DC. |
synonym | Hibiscus trionum var. vesicarius Hochr. |
synonym | Hibiscus uniflorus E. Mey. ex Harv. & Sond. |
synonym | Ketmia trionum Scop. |
synonym | Trionum annuum Medik. |
synonym | Trionum cordifolium Moench |
synonym | Trionum diffusum Moench |
synonym | Trionum frutescens Medic. |
synonym | Trionum trionum (L.) Woot. & Standl. |
🗒 Common Names
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Other |
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📚 Overview
Summary
Hibiscus species are herbs, undershrubs or shrubs. Stems woody, branches densely or sparsely pubescent or tomentose with simple, scarbid or stellate hairs or glabrous. Leaves simple, palmilobed or palmiparted, alternate, midrib usually with obscure nectarines, 3 or more basal veins, margins crenate-dentate or entire, apex acute to acuminate, petiolate, stipules linear, subulate, ovate or foliaceous. Inflorescence usually axillary or terminal, solitary or racemes or lax panicles, by the reduction of the upper leaves. Flowers bisexual, pedicel slender, epicalyx 3 or more, base connate, rarely absent, calyx 5 lobed, distinctly nerved, campanulate, base connate, valvate, sometimes with nectarines, persistent, corolla showy and large, yellow, white, orange, purple, red, blue and dark colored at the base, campanulate or cylindric. Staminal column usually shorter or almost as long petals, base wide, filaments apex truncate or 5-dentate, anthers basifixed, throughout or in the upper half. Ovary superior, 5 locular, rarely up to 10 locular, axile placentation, ovules 3 or more per locule, style 1 or 5 branched distally, stigma discoid, capitate or not distinct. Fruit capsule, globose-cylindrical, apex apiculate, acute or acuminate, dehiscing loculicidally, glabrous or hairy. Seed many, reniform or subglobose, smooth, glabrous or hairy.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Annual, erect or decumbent herbs, 30-60 cm high; stems simple and stellate-hairy. Leaves aletnate, lower ones ovate or orbicular, entire or lobed, ca 3.5 x 2-4 cm, upper leaves palmately 3-5 lobed; midlobe longer, 2.5-7.5 cm long; lobes oblong, pinnatisect, punctate, sparsely simple and stellate-hairy on both surfaces, sometimes nearly glabrous above; petioles ca 5 cm long, pubescent with simple and 2 or 3 brachiate stellate hairs; stipules subulate, 3-5 mm long, covered with long stiff hairs. Flower axillary, solitary; pedicel ca 4 cm long, jointed above middle, pubescent. Epicalyx lobes 8-12, linear, ca 10 x 15 mm, ciliate at margin, spreading upwards in fruit surrounding capsule. Calyx campanulate, inflated, covering capsule; lobes connate for about 1/3 down, broadly ovate, acute, 1-1.5 cm long, membranous, hispid with simple hairs on nerves inside, green eventually becoming purple, 4-6 nerved. Corolla 1-2.5 cm across, yellowish pink with a dark purple centre, hairy outside, glabrous inside; petals obovate, rounded at apex. Staminal column 5-8 mm long, glabrous, antheriferous above. Ovary ovoid, ca 4 mm long, densely hairy; styles 5, connate to middle. Capsules oblong, obtuse, 0.5-2 x 1-1.5 cm, hairy outside, shining inside, dehiscing longitudinally from tip; seeds reniform, ca 2 mm across, minutely tubercled or glabrate.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habit: Erect or trailing herb
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Sp. Pl. 2: 697. 1753
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Hibiscus species flowers are complete, bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects, or cleistogamy i.e., by self or allogamy i.e., by cross pollination. Flowering/Fruiting: July—January.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds may be dispersed by autochory i.e., self dispersal, anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds or animals, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
Annual herbs, about 30-70 cm tall. Stems erect or decumbent, pubescent with simple, curved and few stellate pubescent hairs. Leaves alternate, lower ones lobed or unlobed, ovate-orbicular, about 2.5-8 x 1.5-5.5 cm across, upper ones 3-5 lobed palmately, usually the middle lobe longer, oblong, pinnatisect, base cordate, midrib usually with obscure nectarines, margins crenate-serrate, apex acute to acuminate, sparsely pubescent with stellate hairs of glabrous above and densely pubescent with stellate hairs beneath, petiole stellate hairy with simple, di and tribrachiate stellate hairs, about 2-5 cm long, stipules linear subulate, with long stiff hairs, about 5-15 mm long. Inflorescence usually axillary, solitary, by the reduction of the upper leaves. Flowers bisexual, blossom for few hours, bud densely hairy, pedicel slender, pubescent, jointed above middle, about 1.5-7 cm long, epicalyx 8-12, linear, trinerved, base connate, margins ciliate with simple long hairs, about 10-15 x 1-1.5 mm across, calyx 5 lobed, distinctly nerved, campanulate, lobes broadly ovate, base connate, apex acute, valvate, sometimes with nectarines, persistent, membranous, lobes about 1-2.5 cm long, corolla showy and large, yellow and purple at the base, campanulate. Staminal about 5-8 mm long, anthers basifixed, in the tip or upper half. Ovary superior, 5 locular, axile placentation, style 5 branched distally or connate up to the middle, stigma discoid. Fruit capsule, globose-oblong, about 0.5-2 x 1-1.5 cm across, apex obtuse, beaked, dehiscing loculicidally, with hairs. Seeds reniform or subglobose, about 2 mm across, minutely tuberculate, brownish.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Diseases
Hibiscus species are susceptible to various insect pests, virus and fungi, affecting leaves, fruits and roots.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Degraded forests
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Weed in cultivated fields and roadsides of tropical and subtropical forests, altitude up to 3000 m.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Grasslands
Degraded forests
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Description
Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Ahemdnagar, Nasik, Pune
Karnataka: Dharwar, Hassan, Mysore
Kerala: Kannur
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global Distribution
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Cyprus, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Africa: Algeria, Botswana, Egypt, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia.
Local Distribution
Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Global Distribution
India: Assam
Indian Distribution
Nagaon
Global Distribution
India, Myanmar, China, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Australia, Europe and Africa
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Kannur
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
Traditional chinese medicine
System Of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine, Traditional chinese medicine
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=4682
Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=4682 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Used in folk medicine.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Flora of Kolhapur District, Yadav S. R & Sardesai M. M, 2002, Flora of Maharastra State Dicotyledones, Vol I, Lakshminarasimhan P. & Prasanna P. V, 2000
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=4682
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://tropicos.org/Name/19600999 #The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Hibiscus+trionum&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html #The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2850654 #Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist. URL: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/34d250538730aeaee337a9e7f48bddcd Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/search/detail.dsml?ID=440100&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dHibiscus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith #Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Flora of North America, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & #Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200013734 #Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. #Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. #Saxena, N. B. & Shamindra Saxena (2001) Plant Taxonomy. Reprint by Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. 243-251. #Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 334. #Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 3: 341. #ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. (FRLHT) URL: http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search.php #Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014. #IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 15 January 2016. #Plant reproductive morphology. (2014, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:57, April 9, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400#Seed dispersal. (2015, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:59, April 9, 2015, from, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927License*:
- Hibiscus trionum L. var. vasicarius Hochr., Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 4: 144. 1900.
- Hibiscus trionum L. var. hispidus DC., Prodr. 1: 453. 1824.
- Hibiscus trionum L., Sp. Pl. 697. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 334. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 88(70). 1915; T.K. Paul in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 341. 1993; Sivar. & Pradeep, Malvac. Southern Peninsular India 146. 1996; M. Mohanan & A.V.N. Rao in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 425. 2005.
Information Listing > References
- Flora of Kolhapur District, Yadav S. R & Sardesai M. M, 2002, Flora of Maharastra State Dicotyledones, Vol I, Lakshminarasimhan P. & Prasanna P. V, 2000
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=4682
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://tropicos.org/Name/19600999 #The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Hibiscus+trionum&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html #The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2850654 #Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist. URL: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/34d250538730aeaee337a9e7f48bddcd Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/search/detail.dsml?ID=440100&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dHibiscus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith #Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Flora of North America, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & #Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200013734 #Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. #Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. #Saxena, N. B. & Shamindra Saxena (2001) Plant Taxonomy. Reprint by Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. 243-251. #Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 334. #Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 3: 341. #ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. (FRLHT) URL: http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search.php #Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014. #IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 15 January 2016. #Plant reproductive morphology. (2014, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:57, April 9, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400#Seed dispersal. (2015, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:59, April 9, 2015, from, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927License*:
- Hibiscus trionum L. var. vasicarius Hochr., Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 4: 144. 1900.
- Hibiscus trionum L. var. hispidus DC., Prodr. 1: 453. 1824.
- Hibiscus trionum L., Sp. Pl. 697. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 334. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 88(70). 1915; T.K. Paul in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 341. 1993; Sivar. & Pradeep, Malvac. Southern Peninsular India 146. 1996; M. Mohanan & A.V.N. Rao in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 425. 2005.
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
Order | Malvales Juss. |
Family | Malvaceae Juss. |
Genus | Hibiscus L. |
Species | Hibiscus trionum L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups