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Structure of Variability of Palynomorphological Features within and beyond the Genus Galeopsis L. Hjl. (Lamiaceae) in the Context of Divergent Morphological Evolution

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Abstract—

Light and scanning electron microscopes are used to study the individual and interspecies variability of palynomorphological features of 9 species of the genus Galeopsis L. Hjl. The typical form of pollen of all species is three-colpate, with two wide and one narrow mesocolpium and a doubly reticulated macrolacunar microperforated sculpture. The genus is palynomorphologically of the same type (there are no significant differences between the species) and uniform (the typical forms predominate in the samples); the subgenera do not differ in terms of the pollen morphology. For the features such as the number and location of apertures, the alternation of the width of the mesocolpia and the sculpture of the pollen surface, the range and structure of variability at the species and superspecies (genus, family) levels are described. Variability is absent at the level of typical forms of different species (where its occurrence can be explained by the mechanisms of inheritance, adaptation and divergence); but it is found at the individual level (with minimum genetic variability: the number and location of apertures, the width of the mesocolpia) or at the level of different genera (genetically incompatible: surface sculpture, the width of the mesocolpia). The observed individual variability (of different characters and taxonomic groups of different ranks) can be completely reduced to continuous transitively ordered (taxon-nonspecific and meron-nonspecific, and rank-independent) geometric series. The structure of variability of palynological features within and beyond the genus Galeopsis is considered from the point of view of the nontypological concept of morphological variety: as a system of parallelisms, where homological series cannot be separated from heterological ones (nonhomological similarity) and typical forms cannot be separated from deviant ones.

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Funding

The work was carried out using equipment of the Center for Collective Use “Cellular and Molecular Technologies for Studying Plants and Fungi” of the Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg), within the framework of performance of State assignment for routine topics of the Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences: “Pollen and Spores of Modern and Fossil Plants: Morphology and Development” AAAA-A19-119080790048-7 and “Vascular Plants of Eurasia: Systematics, Flora, Plant Resources” AAA-A19-119031290052-1.

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  1. Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, Saint Petersburg, Russia

    A. E. Pozhidaev & N. V. Petrova

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Pozhidaev, A.E., Petrova, N.V. Structure of Variability of Palynomorphological Features within and beyond the Genus Galeopsis L. Hjl. (Lamiaceae) in the Context of Divergent Morphological Evolution. Biol Bull Rev 13, 63–80 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079086423010061

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