Taxonomy: Fam. Caryophyllaceae// Genus: Dianthus// Species: Dianthus armeria L. Variability: Dianthus armeria L. subsp. armeria
Determined according to the botanical keys provided in The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski, 1993), Flora Europaea Vol. 1 first and second edition (Tutin et al., 1964; 1993).
Distribution: Native from Europe to West Asia (to Iran) according to the distribution information provided by the Plants of the World Online portal.
Habitat: Found in open habitats – grassland, rocky terrains, bushland, on the edges and clearings of forests.
Life form: In the Osogovo region the species mainly behaves as a biennial – the first year the plant forms basal rosette (vegetative stage) and flowering occurs in the second year. However, specimens with perennating habit sporadically occur. This is most evident at the end of the vegetative season, when in one population biennial forms with overall senescence can be found along with perennating specimens that show top senescence and form new basal rosettes.
Flowering period: Summer – fall. Plants can be found in bloom as early as mid-May and as late as early November, depending on the environmental conditions. (MAY)-JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP- (OCT).
Dianthus armeria – habit. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus armeria – habit. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – habit. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – habit. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – habit. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – habit. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – inflorescence. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – inflorescence. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – inflorescence. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – inflorescence. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – inflorescence. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – inflorescence. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – inflorescence. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – flower. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – flowers. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – flower. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River. , 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – flowers. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – flowers. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – flower. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – flower buds. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – cauline leaves. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – cauline leaves. Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – stem with leaf sheets. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – stem with cauline leaves and emerging branch with flower buds. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – stems with cauline leaves. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 20.06.2021. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – young plant in the first year of growth (vegetative stage or basal rosette stage. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 07.11.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus armeria – young plant in the first year of growth (vegetative stage or basal rosette stage.) Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River., 07.11.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Biennial habit (A, B, C and D) vs perennial habit (E, F, G and H) of Dianthus armeria specimens from the same population at the end of the vegetative season. The plants with biennial habit show complete (overall) senescence, and in their vicinity can be seen young plants in vegetative- basal rosette stage. The plants with perennating habit show top senescence- note the new basal rosettes developed from the plant base. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 07.11.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Biennial habit habit of Dianthus armeria specimens from the same population at the end of the vegetative season. The plants show complete (overall) senescence, and in their vicinity can be seen young plants in vegetative- basal rosette stage. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 07.11.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Biennial habit habit of Dianthus armeria specimens from the same population at the end of the vegetative season. The plants show complete (overall) senescence, and in their vicinity can be seen young plants in vegetative- basal rosette stage. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 07.11.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Perennial habit of a Dianthus armeria specimen at the end of the vegetative season. The specimen is still blooming, and has already started developing new s new basal rosettes that will develop new flowering stem in the next season. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 07.11.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Perennial habit of a Dianthus armeria specimen at the end of the vegetative season. The plant shows top senescence and develops new basal rosettes from the plant base. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 07.11.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Biennial habit (A) vs perennial habit (B) of Dianthus armeria specimens from the same population at the end of the vegetative season. The plants with biennial habit show complete (overall) senescence, while the plants with perennating habit show top senescence and develop new basal rosettes from the plant base. Hilly region between the Kochani landfill and Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 07.11.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski Dianthus armeria (flowers). Osogovo, hilly region between the Kochani landfill and the Gorge of “Kochanska” River, 07.11.2020. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Dianthus armeria (habit), “Mala” River near lake Gradche, 06.07.2014. Photo By Trajche Dimitrovski. Figure 2.Dianthus armeria – flowerring stems with inflorescences. “Mala” River near lake Gradche, 06.07.2014. Photo By Trajche Dimitrovski. Dianthus armeria – close-up of flower. “Mala” River near lake Gradche, 06.07.2014. Photo By Trajche Dimitrovski.
