Determined according to the botanical key provided by Micevski (1995) as Violacanina subsp. montana (L.) Hartman, Bot. Not. 1841: 82 (1841). The accepted name in The Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Raab-Straube & Henning, 2018+) is Violacanina subsp. ruppii (All.) Schübl. & G. Martens, Fl. Würtemberg: 159. 1834.
Lifeform: Perrenial; Hemicryptophyte according to the Raunkiær system.
Distribution: Native from Europe to Caucasus according to the Euro+Med PlantBase (source: Raab-Straube & Henning, 2018+) and the Plants of the World Online portal (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew).
Habitat: Grasslands and clearings of European Beech forests in the subalpine belt.
Flowering period: Late spring- early summer: MAY, JUN.
Viola canina subsp. ruppii – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Viola canina subsp. ruppii – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Viola canina subsp. ruppii – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Viola canina subsp. ruppii – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski. Viola canina subsp. ruppii – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – habit. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flowers. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flower. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flower with calyx and spur. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flower with calyx and spur. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flower with calyx and spur. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flower with calyx and spur. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – flowering stem. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – stems with leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – stem with leaves and stipules. Stipules of middle cauline leaves are up to 1/2 as long as the leaf petiole. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – stem with leaves and stipules. Stipules of middle cauline leaves are up to 1/2 as long as the leaf petiole. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – stipules of lower cauline leaves. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – lower part of stems. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.Viola canina subsp. ruppii – lower part of stems. Osogovo – Ponikva, 28.05.2022. Photo by Trajche Dimitrovski.
References:
Micevski, K. (1995). The Flora of the Republic of Macedonia Vol. I, Book 3. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
