Lapsana communis L.
synonym | Lampsana communis Juss. |
synonym | Lampsana communis L. |
synonym | Lapsana cancellata Borbás |
synonym | Lapsana cancellata var. cancellata |
synonym | Lapsana cappadocica Bornm. |
synonym | Lapsana communis subsp. communis |
synonym | Lapsana communis subsp. hirsuta |
synonym | Lapsana communis subsp. pubescens (Hornem.) Arcang. |
synonym | Lapsana crispa Willd. |
synonym | Lapsana glandulosa (Freyn) Klokov |
synonym | Lapsana olympica Candargy |
synonym | Lapsana pubescens Hornem. |
synonym | Lapsana sonchifolia Gilib. |
synonym | Lapsana sonchifolia Gilib. [Invalid] |
synonym | Lapsana sylvatica Wallr. |
Créole Réunion |
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English |
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French |
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Italian |
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Portuguese |
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Spanish; Castilian |
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Lapsana communis is an herbaceous plant, first disposed in rosette then in developed erect, solitary stem, which branches in the upper part at the time of flowering. It measures up to 1 m high. The stem is angular, hollow and generally glabrous. Simple leaves, alternate, are arranged in a rosette in the young plant. The lower leaves are long-stalked, with oval blade irregularly lobed towards the base, which gradually fades in wing along the petiole and having a large oval to triangular terminal lobe. The upper leaves are sessile, elliptical, lanceolate, becoming smaller. The faces are interspersed with short hairs, the margin is irregularly serrated. The flowers are assembled in yellow heads, fully spread at flowering, at the end of the branches of the inflorescence. The fruit is oblong, flattened, covered with longitudinal ribs, without egret at the top.
Cotyledons
The cotyledons are spatulate to orbicular, 8 mm long and 3 mm wide, with the base closely attenuated in petiole and rounded apex.
First leaves
The first leaves are simple, alternate, arranged in rosette. The leaf blade is held by a long pseudo-petiole, 8 to 10 mm, corresponding to the base of the blade completely attenuated and almost reduced to the midrib. The blade ends with a large terminal lobe orbicular to broadly oval, truncated at the base and rounded apex. The margin is entire to irregularly serrated. The faces are weakly and shortly hispid.
General habit
Herbaceous plant, first in rosette at young stage, then erect, solitary stem, which branches in its terminal part at the time of flowering. It can reach up to 1 m high.
Underground system
Tap root.
Stem
The stem is polygonal, hollow, glabrous, first solitary, then more or less branched in its upper part at the time of flowering. It is smooth, green. It produces a white latex when is cut.
Leaf
The leaves are simple, alternate, and highly variable in shape depending on their position. The base of the leaves are arranged in a rosette, then arranged along the stem. They are carried by a pseudo-petiole, 3 to 6 cm long, corresponding to the attenuation of the base of the blade up to the midrib. The lamina, generally oval oblong in shape, 5 to 10 cm long and 3 to 5 cm wide, is formed from several pinnate lobes in the upper part of the pseudo-petiole then from a large oval terminal lobe. The base of the terminal lobe is truncated, the apex is wide corner. The margin is irregularly serrated, both sides are shortly hispid. The upper leaves are shrinking gradually: they become sessile with elliptical lamina then become lanceolate bracts.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is a large panicle more or less branched, carrying at the ends of branches yellow capitulum of 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter. The capitulum is underpinned by an involucre of bracts arranged in two rows. The outer bracts are few, oval, lanceolate, 1 mm long. Internal bracts linear oblong, 6 mm long and 1.5 mm wide are keeled when fruiting.
Flower
The florets of the capitulum are all ligulate, few, 8 mm long with shortly serrated top.
Fruit
The fruit is an oblong achene, biconvex, 2.5 to 5 mm long. External achenes are longer than internal. The summit, without pappus, ends with a small ring. The faces are covered with longitudinal ribs. It is light brown in color.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Life cycle
Morocco: Lapsana communis flowers from May to July.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Growth form
Leaf arrangement
Leaf type
Type of prefoliation
Latex
Stem section
Root type
Hollow or solid stem
Stipule type
Leaf attachment type
Fruit type
Achene type
Cotyledon type
Lamina base
Lamina margin
Lamina apex
Upperface pilosity
Upperface hair type
Lowerface pilosity
Lowerface hair type
Simple leaf type
Lamina section
Lamina Veination
Flower color
Inflorescence type
Stem pilosity
Life form
Comoros: Lapsana communis is absent.
Madagascar: absent.
Mauritius: absent.
Morocco: Lapsana communis is a fairly rare species. It is found in pastures, riparian forests and open woodlands (Cedrus sp., Quercus ilex) in low and medium mountains with sufficient rainfall, between 1200 and 2000 m altitude.
Reunion: Lapsana communis is a rather temperate climate species, which has naturalized in Reunion mainly above 700 m altitude and more particularly on the West Coast. It is found to over 2000 m altitude.
Seychelles: absent.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habitat
Geographical distibution
Origin
Lapsana communis is native to Europe.
Worldwide distribution
This species was introduced and naturalized in many temperate or tropical regions of altitude: America (USA, Venezuela, Colombia), Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, South Africa, in the Indian Ocean in Reunion Island, South Australia, New Zealand, and in the Pacific in Hawaii.
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Local harmfulness
Comoros: Lapsana communis is absent.
Madagascar: absent.
Mauritius: absent.
Reunion: Lapsana communis is a weed present in over 10% of cultivated land, but much more common at higher altitude to 700 m. It can achieve a recovery of 30 to 50% of the plot. It develops in different cultures, such as sugar cane, pineapples, lentils and vegetables.
Seychelles: absent.
Attributions | Wiktrop |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
- Flora Maroccana (Dobignard A.) https://www.floramaroccana.fr/lapsana-communis.html
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:228732-1
- CABI https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.115133
- The World Flora Online https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000086921
- Flora Maroccana (Dobignard A.) https://www.floramaroccana.fr/lapsana-communis.html
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- Plants of the World Online https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:228732-1
- CABI https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.115133
- The World Flora Online https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000086921
La flore des mauvaises herbes de la Canne à Sucre à La Réunion. Caractérisation à partir des témoins des essais d’herbicides. 2005-2016
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Lapsana%2520communis
Attributions | |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Asterales |
Family | Asteraceae |
Genus | Lapsana |
Species | Lapsana communis L. |