Code
TYPAR
grass
Biological cycle
vivacious
Habitat
marshland
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Arundo colorata Aiton |
| synonym | Arundo riparia Salisb. [Illegitimate] |
| synonym | Arundo riparia Salisb., nom. superfl. |
| synonym | Baldingera arundinacea (L.) Dumort. |
| synonym | Baldingera arundinacea Dumort. |
| synonym | Baldingera arundinacea f. colorata P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. |
| synonym | Baldingera arundinacea f. umbrosa Peterm. [Invalid] |
| synonym | Baldingera arundinacea f. umbrosa Peterm., nom. nud. |
| synonym | Baldingera arundinacea var. picta (L.) Nyman |
| synonym | Baldingera arundinacea var. rotgesii Husn. |
| synonym | Baldingera arundinacea var. variegata Coss. & Germ. |
| synonym | Baldingera colorata G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Schreb., nom. superfl. |
| synonym | Baldingera colorata P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Schreb. |
| synonym | Calamagrostis colorata (Aiton) Sibth. |
| synonym | Calamagrostis variegata With. |
| synonym | Digraphis americana Elliott ex Loudon [Invalid] |
| synonym | Digraphis americana Elliott ex Loudon, nom. nud. |
| synonym | Digraphis arundinacea (L.) Trin. |
| synonym | Digraphis arundinacea var. picta (L.) Pacher |
| synonym | Endallex arundinacea Raf. ex B.D.Jacks. [Invalid] |
| synonym | Endallex arundinacea Raf. ex B.D.Jacks., pro syn. |
| synonym | Phalaridantha arundinacea (L.) St.-Lag. |
| synonym | Phalaridantha arundinacea var. variegata (Parnell) Cariot |
| synonym | Phalaris × monspeliensis Daveau |
| synonym | Phalaris americana var. picta Eaton & Wright |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea f. coarctata (Prahl) Junge |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea f. luteopicta Voss. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea f. minor Jansen & Wacht. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea f. pallens Stebler ex Hegi |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea f. pallida A.F.Schwarz |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea f. picta (L.) Asch. & Graebn. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea f. ramifera Junge |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea f. ramosa Gaudin |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea f. thyrsoidea (Willk.) Paunero |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea f. variegata (With.) Druce |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea subsp. hispanica (Coincy) Kerguélen |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea subsp. oehleri Pilg. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea subsp. picta (L.) Arcang. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea subsp. rotgesii (Husn.) Kerguélen |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea subsp. typica Paunero, nom. inval. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. colorata Hartm. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. genuina Hack., nom. inval. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. japonica (Steud.) Hack. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. latifolia Henrard ex Jansen |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. leioclada Maire |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. picta L. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. ramosa Gaudin |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. rotgesii (Husn.) Litard. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. thyrsoidea Willk. |
| synonym | Phalaris arundinacea var. variegata (With.) Parn. |
| synonym | Phalaris caesia Nees |
| synonym | Phalaris colorata P.Beauv. [Invalid] |
| synonym | Phalaris colorata P.Beauv., nom. nud. |
| synonym | Phalaris hispanica Coincy |
| synonym | Phalaris japonica Steud. |
| synonym | Phalaris monspeliensis Daveau |
| synonym | Phalaris picta (L.) Sloboda. |
| synonym | Phalaris rotgesii (Husn.) Litard. |
| synonym | Phalaris tuberinacea Coville & Ciald. |
| synonym | Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert |
| synonym | Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. caesia (Nees) Tzvelev |
| synonym | Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. japonica (Steud.) Tzvelev |
| synonym | Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. oehleri (Pilg.) Valdés & H.Scholz |
| synonym | Phalaroides arundinacea subsp. rotgesii (Husn.) Valdés & H.Scholz |
| synonym | Phalaroides arundinacea var. picta (L.) Tzvelev |
| synonym | Phalaroides caesia (Nees) Holub |
| synonym | Phalaroides hispanica (Coincy) Holub |
| synonym | Phalaroides japonica (Steud.) Czerep. |
| synonym | Phalaroides picta (L.) Prob. |
| synonym | Phalaroides rotgesii (Husn.) Holub |
| synonym | Typhoides arundinacea (L.) Moench |
| synonym | Typhoides arundinacea f. colorata (G.M.Sch.) Soó |
| synonym | Typhoides arundinacea f. colorata (G.M.Schulze) Soó |
| synonym | Typhoides arundinacea f. ramifera (Junge) Soó |
| synonym | Typhoides arundinacea f. schwarzii Soó |
| synonym | Typhoides arundinacea f. umbrosa (Peterm.) Soó |
| synonym | Typhoides arundinacea subsp. rotgesii (Husn.) Gamisans |
| synonym | Typhoides arundinacea var. japonica (Steud.) Tzvelev |
🗒 Common Names
| Anglais / English |
|
| Créole Maurice |
|
| Créole Réunion |
|
| English |
|
📚 Overview
Description
Global description
Phalaris arundinacea is a vivacious rhizomatous grass with erect stems, which measures between 80 cm and 1.50 m high. The stem and the leaves are glabrous. The lamina is 5 to 20 cm long, linear, extensively attenuated to an acute apex and rough. The inflorescence is rarely visible. It is a branched panicle, prostrate at flowering then tightened ina false sub cylindrical to oblong spike, 7 to 16 cm long and 1 to 3 cm wide, sometimes interrupted in the basal part. Finely pubescent spikelets consisting of one fertile and two sterile flowers.
General habit
Rhizomatous vivacious grass growing in dense patches. The erect axes can reach 1.5 m high.
Underground system
The underground system consists of scaly rhizomes, abundantly branched. The roots are densely fibrous and there are numerous adventitious roots at the nodes of rhizomes.
Culm
The culm is cylindrical, glabrous, robust, geniculate with glabrous nodes.
Leaf
The leaves are simple, alternate. The sheath is cylindrical, glabrous. The ligule is membranous, large, oval obtuse, 6 to 10 mm long. The lamina is linear, flat, 5 to 20 cm long and 1 to 2 cm wide. The apex is long attenuated into an acute tip, while the base is enlarged and rounded. The faces are harsh and rough. The margin is entire and smooth.
Inflorescence
The inflorescence is a dense cylindrical oblong panicle, branched, prostrate at flowering then tightened, 7 to 16 cm long and 1 to 3 cm wide, often interrupted in its basal part. It can be a purplish or whitish green.
Spikelet
The spikelet is convex on both sides, 5 to 8 mm long. The lower and upper glumes are lanceolate, mucronate, keeled but wingless. The 2 sterile flowers are reduced to ciliated scales, 1.2 to 2.3 mm long, much shorter than the spikelet and located at the base of the fertile flower. The fertile flower, 3 to 7 mm long, has a hairy lemma and palea.
Grain
Grain is pyriform, 3 to 5 mm long.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Vivacious
Reproduction
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Phalaris arundinacea is a vivacious plant. Propagation is mainly done vegetatively from creeping rhizomes and stolons. Flowering is rare.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Morphology
Growth form
Tuft plant with narrow leaves
Running plant
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf type
Grass or grass-like
Grass-like leaf type
Grass leaf
Type of prefoliation
Rolled leaf
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Round
Root type
Rhizome
Fibrous roots
Ligule type
Ligule membranous large
Hollow or solid stem
Hollow stem
Stipule type
No stipule
Leaf attachment type
with graminate sheathing
Fruit type
Grain of grasses
Lamina base
cordate
Lamina margin
scabrous
entire
Lamina apex
attenuate
Upperface pilosity
Less hairy
Upperface hair type
Scabrous
Lowerface pilosity
Less hairy
Lowerface hair type
Scabrous
Simple leaf type
Lamina linear
Lamina section
flat
Lamina Veination
Parallel
Flower color
Pinkish
Purple
Green
White
Inflorescence type
Panicle
Stem pilosity
Glabrous
Life form
Grass
Geophytic plant
Ecology
Comoros: Absent.
Madagascar: Absent.
Mauritius: Phalaris arundinacea is a species present in some areas of the humid part of the island. This is an occasional weed of sugarcane cultivation.
Reunion: Species that preferentially grows on moist or swampy soil or along the edges of water bodies. It is sensitive to drought. This species is mainly found in medium altitude (500 to 900 m) on the Southwest coast corresponding to an area from St. Louis to St. Paul, but also on the East and South coast with high humidity.
Seychelles: Absent.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Description
Geographical distibution
Reunion Island
Mauritius
Origin
Phalaris arundinacea is native to all temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, but also to East Africa.
Global distribution
This species has been introduced into South America, Africa (Algeria, Egypt and South Africa) in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Reunion), in Australia and New Zealand.
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Madagascar: Absent.
Mauritius: Phalaris arundinacea is a weed of high harmfulness in sugar cane fields, greatly impairing the development of stems. It is difficult to control.
Reunion: A weed uncommon for all crops and regions with a frequency of occurrence of 3% but becomes common in sugarcane on the east and south coast of the island with a locally significant coverage (30 to 40%). Its rhizomatous mapping system allows it to grow in very dense patches, very difficult to remove, because of the quick regrowth of rhizome fragments.
Seychelles: Absent.
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Local harmfulness
Comoros: Absent.Madagascar: Absent.
Mauritius: Phalaris arundinacea is a weed of high harmfulness in sugar cane fields, greatly impairing the development of stems. It is difficult to control.
Reunion: A weed uncommon for all crops and regions with a frequency of occurrence of 3% but becomes common in sugarcane on the east and south coast of the island with a locally significant coverage (30 to 40%). Its rhizomatous mapping system allows it to grow in very dense patches, very difficult to remove, because of the quick regrowth of rhizome fragments.
Seychelles: Absent.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Management
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Reunion: see the website of CaroCanne (The online magazine of sugar cane workers in Réunion);
Technical specifications No. 34Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
References
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- https://www.feedipedia.org/node/391
Information Listing > References
- Le Bourgeois, T., A. Carrara, M. Dodet, W. Dogley, A. Gaungoo, P. Grard, Y. Ibrahim, E. Jeuffrault, G. Lebreton, P. Poilecot, J. Prosperi, J. A. Randriamampianina, A. P. Andrianaivo and F. Théveny (2008). Advent-OI : Principales adventices des îles du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien. Cirad. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
- https://www.feedipedia.org/node/391
Images
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=phalaris%2520arundinacea
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Liliopsida |
| Order | Poales |
| Family | Poaceae |
| Genus | Phalaris |
| Species | Phalaris arundinacea L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
