Taraxacum scanicum Dahlst., Ark. Bot. 10(11): 21. 1911.

12. Taraxacum scanicum Dahlst., Ark. Bot. 10(11): 21. 1911. View in CoL View at ENA

Type.

Sweden, Skåne, Lund , the garden of the infectious-diseases hospital, 21 May 1910, E. L. Ekman (lectotype in S [upper specimen], designated by Lundevall and Øllgaard 1999: 143) .

Description.

Plants small to middle-sized, 10-20(-25) cm tall. Leaves dark green, almost glabrous, approximately (5-)7-12(-15) cm long and (1-)1.5-3(-4) cm wide, usually 6-7 times longer than wide, blades narrowly oblanceolate, usually broadest in upper 1/3, with (3-)4-6 pairs of lateral lobes, midribs often purple-brownish; lateral lobes opposite to remote; lateral lobes of the inner leaves usually dissected and toothed at the distal margin, slightly recurved, proximal margin usually entire; lateral lobes of the outer leaves triangular, usually toothed or/and incised at the distal margin; interlobes not or slightly crisped, often toothed only at the upper part of the leaf blade; terminal lobe of the inner leaves elongate with a protracted apex, quite often incised at the base; terminal lobe of the outer leaves with obtuse apical lobule; petioles unwinged, purple. Scapes as long as or longer than leaves, hairy, especially under the capitulum, often suffused purple-brownish. Capitulum convex, 3.0-3.5 cm in diameter, yellow, outer strips red-grey; inner bracts dark, glaucous greyish-green, somewhat pruinose, with or without a small lump; outer bracts usually 10-15, widely lanceolate, usually 7-9 mm long, 1.5-3.0 mm broad, grey-green, quite often suffused red-violet, with a narrow white hyaline margin (0.1-0.2 mm broad), recurved or patent, usually with small cornicules; stigmas dark greyish-green, pollen present. Achenes brown-red, with slender spinules in the upper part, 3.5-4.1 mm long (incl. the 0.8-1.2 mm long cone), rostrum (6.5-)7-8 mm long, pappus white.

Flowering period.

April-May.

Habitat.

Pine forest edges, forest clearings, paths, roadsides, most often in sunny, dry and sandy places. Plant communities participated by T. scanicum were dominated most often by species typical of sandy grasslands (Sedo-Scleranthetea class). In Wielkopolska Lowland ( Ługi place) we recorded this species on a dry sandy roadside together with Achillea millefolium , Anthemis arvensis , Artemisia campestris , A. vulgaris , Berteroa incana , Erophila verna , Helichrysum arenarium , Plantago lanceolata , P. major , Poa annua , Potentilla argentea , Sedum acre , Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum , Veronica arvensis .

Somatic chromosome number.

24 ( Grzesiuk et al. 2008; Wolanin and Musiał 2017), 25 ( Małecka 1967, 1969).

General distribution.

Widespread European species reported from France, Great Britain, Italy, Croatia, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Moldova, Crimea, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and European Russia ( Van Soest 1957, 1967; Doll 1973b; Tacik 1980; Fedorov 1989; Lundevall and Øllgaard 1999; Mosyakin and Fedoronchuk 1999; Uhlemann 2003; Głowacki et al. 2004; Trávníček et al. 2010; Wendt and Øllgaard 2015; Nobis et al. 2020b).

Distribution in Poland.

Scattered localities mainly in northern Poland, quite frequent (Fig. 23F View Figure 23 ).

Specimens examined.

AB09 - Dźwirzyno, lawn on sandy soil, 54°09'45"N, 15°25'59"E, 2 May 2017, M. Wolanin (003273 UR); Grybowo, roadside ditch edge, 54°09'51"N, 15°28'21"E, 2 May 2017, M. Wolanin (003299 UR); AB14 - Międzywodzie, roadside in forest, 54°00'35"N, 14°41'41"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003331 UR); AB16 - Pustkowo, pine forest edge, 54°04'08"N, 14°58'05"E, 2 May 2017, M. Wolanin (003312 UR); AB22 - Przytór, roadside near pine forest edge, 53°53'25"N, 14°20'13"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003351 UR); Warszów, roadside ditch near forest edge, 53°53'40"N, 14°18'54"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003356 UR); AB23 - Międzyzdroje, lawn on sandy soil, 53°56'15"N, 14°27'30"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003353 UR); Międzyzdroje, lawn near beach entrance, 53°56'00"N, 14°26'59"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003352 UR); Międzyzdroje, lawn, 53°56'10"N, 14°27'24"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003332 UR); AB32 - Ognica, sandy roadside, 53°52'47"N, 14°17'05"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003319 UR); AB47 - vicinity of Unibórz, roadside at pine forest edge, 53°48'48"N, 15°04'57"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003371 UR); AB53 - Trzebież, distr. Police, psammophilous grassland, 14 May 1999, Z. Głowacki (527640 KRAM); BA59 - Ustka, sandy square in pine forest, 54°35'15"N, 16°52'48"E, 1 May 2017, M. Wolanin (003286 UR); Ustka, sandy roadside, 54°35'17"N, 16°53'07"E, 1 May 2017, M. Wolanin (003260 UR); BC18 - Piła, sandy roadside, 53°09'01"N, 16°47'24"E, 29 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003357, 003370 UR); BC51 - Drezdenko, ruderal square in cemetery, 52°50'07"N, 15°49'25"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003494 UR); BC52 - Chełst, cemetery lawn, 52°49'17"N, 15°57'35"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003544 UR); BC61 - Sowia Góra, roadside No 160, 52°41'55"N, 15°50'41"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003493 UR); BD42 - Świętno, roadside, 52°00'29"N, 16°03'29"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003518 UR); BD43 - Kębłowo, ruderal area close to cemetery fence, 52°03'06"N, 16°06'35"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003381 UR); BD53 - Kaszczor, cemetery lawn, 51°57'20"N, 16°10'01"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003384 UR); BD77 - Bojanowo, Półwiejska street 12, gap between pavement and kerb, 51°42'36"N, 16°44'53"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003385 UR); CA38 - W of Chłapowska Valley outlet, cliff slope, 25 June 1970, W. Chojnacki (153/01 UGDA); CA43 - Łeba, along path in pine forest, 54°46'13"N, 17°35'28"E, 3 May 2019, M. Wolanin (003573 UR); Łeba, clearing in pine forest, 54°45'49"N, 17°32'31"E, 2 May 2019, M. Wolanin (003576 UR); CD30 - Majdany, sandy roadside in pine forest, 52°08'02"N, 17°10'58"E, 17 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003508 UR); Zaniemyśl, cemetery lawn, 52°09'01"N, 17°10'09"E, 17 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003509 UR); CD31 - Murzynowo Leśne, sandy square close to shop, 52°09'17"N, 17°20'25"E, 17 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003507 UR); CD40 - Błażejewo, sandy grassland in cemetery, 52°00'01"N, 17°08'37"E, 18 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003383 UR); Jarosławki, sandy roadside at pine forest edge, 52°03'07"N, 17°10'22"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003416 UR); Kiełczynek, lawn, 52°04'11"N, 17°12'49"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003418 UR); Książ Wielkopolski, roadside in forest, 52°04'02"N, 17°14'44"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003537 UR); Ługi, sandy roadside, 51°59'17"N, 17°11'13"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003536 UR); DA40 - Jastrania, gap between pavement and kerb, 54°42'49"N, 18°38'17"E, 9 May 2016, M. Wolanin (003555 UR); DA51 - Hel ( Leśna street), sandy square at pine forest edge, 54°36'08"N, 18°48'55"E, 8 May 2016, M. Wolanin (003501 UR); Hel, meadow close to church, 8 May 1997, K. Błaszkiewicz (058153 KTU); DA76 - Piaski, sandy roadside, 54°25'11"N, 19°34'00"E, 10 May 2016, M. Wolanin (003402 UR); DA81 - Gdańsk (Stogi), path in light pine forest, 54°22'24"N, 18°43'38"E, 7 May 2016, M. Wolanin (003399, 003556 UR); DC41 - Sąsieczno, pine forest edge, 52°57'03"N, 18°50'38"E, 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003472 UR); DC44 - vicinity of Adamów, dry square on pine forest edge, 52°56'52"N, 19°17'45"E, 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003478 UR); DC52 - Dąbrówka, roadside in forest, 52°53'42"N, 18°57'51"E, 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003470 UR); between Wakole and Dąbrówka, roadside in pine forest, 52°51'40"N, 18°58'09"E, 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003449 UR); DC57 - Borkowo Kościelne near Sierpc, cemetery lawn, 52°50'53"N, 19°42'39"E, 28 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003455 UR); DC63 - Rachcinek, dry roadside, 52°44'23"N, 19°01'15"E, 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003458 UR); DE51 - St. Genowefa Hill , distr. Wieluń, 12 June 1965, H. Błaszczyk (94960 KRA); DF26 - Ogrodzieniec near Zawiercie, calcareous rocks, 21 May 1965, A. Jasiewicz (439038 KRAM); DF68 - between Kryspinów and Bielany, sunny hillock, 16 May 1976, H., T. & J. Tacik (392442 KRAM); ED11 - Młodzieszyn, pine forest edge, 52°19'00"N, 20°12'23"E, 28 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003474, 003475 UR); EE83 - Zalejowa Mt. , fissure in rock, 50°49'07"N, 20°27'30"E, 20 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003558 UR); FC13 - Piątnica (Fort Łomża), pastured grassland, 53°11'50"N, 22°06'53"E, 25 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003374, 003567 UR); FC24 - Zbrzeźnica, sandy bank close to road No 63, 53°02'23"N, 22°09'57"E, 22 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003531 UR); Wygoda, sandy bank close to road No 63, 53°04'59"N, 22°08'42"E, 22 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003559 UR); FC50 - Kobylin distr. Goworowo, grassland close to road, 19 May 1992, Z. Głowacki (0386425 KRA); FE85 - Łysaków - Kolonia, sandy roadside close to pine forest edge, 50°45'23"N, 22°07'29"E, 19 April 2019, M. Wolanin (003586 UR); FE96 - Domostawa, scrub on sandy soil, near S19 road parking lot, 50°37'14"N, 22°17'14"E, 22 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003463, 003465, 003466 UR); GF00 - Tereszpol (Zygmunty), sandy path in pine forest, 50°33'56"N, 22°53'56"E, 2 May 2018, M. Wolanin (003467 UR) GoogleMaps .

Notes.

Plants with narrow leaves. Lobes tend to be dissected and petioles suffused purple. Outer bracts grey-green with white hyaline margin, often lightly suffused red-violet, recurved or patent. Fully flowering capitulum convex, yellow, sigmas dark. Fruits brown-red, deeply coloured (Figs 34 View Figure 34 , 35 View Figure 35 ).