Abstract
Toenail changes are extremely frequent. Onychomycoses were said to be the most frequent cause; however, recent examinations have shown that orthopedic foot and toe abnormalities are at least as frequent as fungal toenail infections. This has first been described as asymmetric gait nail unit syndrome and will be outlined in more detail here. Hallux valgus and hallux valgus interphalangeus, hallux erectus, hallux rigidus, splayfoot, pes planus, short distal toe phalanx, double little toenail, wide base of the distal phalanx, and age-related foot deformations may all cause ungual alterations and vice versa; several specific nail changes are virtually always associated with characteristic bone alterations.
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Haneke, E. (2021). Toenails: Where Orthopedics and Onychology Meet. In: Baran, R.L. (eds) Advances in Nail Disease and Management. Updates in Clinical Dermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59997-3_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59997-3_8
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