A Red Patch on the Cheek: Erythroplakia

Abstract

Erythroplakia is an oral potentially malignant disorder defined as a fiery red patch that cannot be characterized clinically or histopathologically as any other definable disease. It is a rare condition. Soft plate, floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa are the common sites to be affected. Clinically it appears as a flat and depressed reddish lesion. Usually, erythroplakia has a smooth and velvety surface but occasionally it presents with an irregular red granular surface. It is commonly seen as a single lesion and only very rarely it presents as multiple lesions. It is usually small in size with an average diameter of 1 cm and rarely involves extensive areas of the mouth. The solitary nature of erythroplakia is important to differentiate it from other red lesions of the mouth. As the malignant transformation potential is very high, an immediate biopsy is indicated in all cases of erythroplakia. Potential causes producing red lesions such as candidal infection and trauma need to be eliminated. Habit cessation instructions need to be given and re-evaluation of the patient is essential. Majority of the cases of erythroplakia undergo malignant transformation. Hence, urgent treatment is indicated. Surgery is the recommended treatment modality. Long-term follow-up is mandatory.