Causes of Erythema Nodosum

Common

 - Idiopathic (up to 55 percent)

 - Infections: streptococcal pharyngitis (28 to 48 percent), Yersinia spp. (in Europe), mycoplasma, chlamydia, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, mycobacteria

 - Sarcoidosis (11 to 25 percent) with bilateral hilar adenopathy

 - Drugs (3 to 10 percent): antibiotics (e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin), oral contraceptives

 - Pregnancy (2 to 5 percent)

 - Enteropathies (1 to 4 percent): regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis

Rare (less than 1 percent)

  Infections

    - Viral: herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus

    - Bacterial: Campylobacter spp., rickettsiae, Salmonella spp., psittacosis, Bartonella spp., syphilis

    - Parasitic: amoebiasis, giardiasis

  Miscellaneous: lymphoma, other malignancies



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